psqlコマンドでローカルに入る方法

Dockerのdbコンテナでpsqlコマンド打つ方法

psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 15432 -U postgres -d hoge_development

コネクションオプション

Connection options:
  -h, --host=HOSTNAME      database server host or socket directory (default: "local socket")
  -p, --port=PORT          database server port (default: "5432")
  -U, --username=USERNAME  database user name 
  -w, --no-password        never prompt for password
  -W, --password           force password prompt (should happen automatically)

 -h 127.0.0.1
DATABASE_HOSTを127.0.0.1と明示

-p 15432
Port番号を15432と明示

-U postgres
usernameをpostgresと明示

-d hoge_development
database nameをhoge_developmentと明示

どういう時にコネクションオプションが必要？ -> アプリケーションで環境変数とかを利用している場合。

例）Railsのdatabase.ymlでこのように情報を持っている場合はコネクションオプションが必要

development:
  <<: *default
  database: <%= ENV["DATABASE_NAME"] %>

  # The specified database role being used to connect to postgres.
  # To create additional roles in postgres see `$ createuser --help`.
  # When left blank, postgres will use the default role. This is
  # the same name as the operating system user that initialized the database.
  username: <%= ENV["DATABASE_USERNAME"] %>

  # The password associated with the postgres role (username).
  password: <%= ENV["DATABASE_PASSWORD"] %>

  # Connect on a TCP socket. Omitted by default since the client uses a
  # domain socket that doesn't need configuration. Windows does not have
  # domain sockets, so uncomment these lines.
  host: <%= ENV["DATABASE_HOST"] %>

  # The TCP port the server listens on. Defaults to 5432.
  # If your server runs on a different port number, change accordingly.
  port: <%= ENV["DATABASE_PORT"] %>`

psqlオプション一覧

psql is the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.

Usage:
  psql [OPTION]... [DBNAME [USERNAME]]

General options:
  -c, --command=COMMAND    run only single command (SQL or internal) and exit
  -d, --dbname=DBNAME      database name to connect to (default: "inoue_hiroki")
  -f, --file=FILENAME      execute commands from file, then exit
  -l, --list               list available databases, then exit
  -v, --set=, --variable=NAME=VALUE
                           set psql variable NAME to VALUE
                           (e.g., -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1)
  -V, --version            output version information, then exit
  -X, --no-psqlrc          do not read startup file (~/.psqlrc)
  -1 ("one"), --single-transaction
                           execute as a single transaction (if non-interactive)
  -?, --help[=options]     show this help, then exit
      --help=commands      list backslash commands, then exit
      --help=variables     list special variables, then exit

Input and output options:
  -a, --echo-all           echo all input from script
  -b, --echo-errors        echo failed commands
  -e, --echo-queries       echo commands sent to server
  -E, --echo-hidden        display queries that internal commands generate
  -L, --log-file=FILENAME  send session log to file
  -n, --no-readline        disable enhanced command line editing (readline)
  -o, --output=FILENAME    send query results to file (or |pipe)
  -q, --quiet              run quietly (no messages, only query output)
  -s, --single-step        single-step mode (confirm each query)
  -S, --single-line        single-line mode (end of line terminates SQL command)

Output format options:
  -A, --no-align           unaligned table output mode
      --csv                CSV (Comma-Separated Values) table output mode
  -F, --field-separator=STRING
                           field separator for unaligned output (default: "|")
  -H, --html               HTML table output mode
  -P, --pset=VAR[=ARG]     set printing option VAR to ARG (see \pset command)
  -R, --record-separator=STRING
                           record separator for unaligned output (default: newline)
  -t, --tuples-only        print rows only
  -T, --table-attr=TEXT    set HTML table tag attributes (e.g., width, border)
  -x, --expanded           turn on expanded table output
  -z, --field-separator-zero
                           set field separator for unaligned output to zero byte
  -0, --record-separator-zero
                           set record separator for unaligned output to zero byte

Connection options:
  -h, --host=HOSTNAME      database server host or socket directory (default: "local socket")
  -p, --port=PORT          database server port (default: "5432")
  -U, --username=USERNAME  database user name (default: "inoue_hiroki")
  -w, --no-password        never prompt for password
  -W, --password           force password prompt (should happen automatically)

For more information, type "\?" (for internal commands) or "\help" (for SQL
commands) from within psql, or consult the psql section in the PostgreSQL
documentation.

※ 事前にpsqlはインストールしておく。psql --versionと叩いて、versionが表示されたらインストール済み

>  psql --version
psql (PostgreSQL) 12.3